Course / Leçon 39 of 40

Faux amis: the dangerous ones

After this lesson you can spot the false friends that trip up English and German speakers, use the real French word instead, and avoid the classic embarrassing mistakes in restaurants, shops and meetings.

52 core words · 30 bonus cognates · 14 phrases

Pronunciation

Looks English, sounds French

Thousands of French words are spelled like English ones, which is great for reading and dangerous for speaking. Your eyes say English, your mouth must say French. Four rules cover most cases.

1. Stress on the last syllable, every time

Word English habit French
important im-POR-tant /ɛ̃.pɔʁ.ˈtɑ̃/
concert CON-cert /kɔ̃.ˈsɛʁ/
pilote PI-lot /pi.ˈlɔt/
budget BUD-get /by.ˈdʒɛ/
idéal i-DEAL /i.de.ˈal/

2. h is always silent

hôtel /o.tɛl/, huile /ɥil/, humide /y.mid/, histoire /is.twaʁ/. Not the breathy h of English hotel or German Hotel.

3. u is /y/, not /ʌ/ or /uː/

bus /bys/ (like German Bus with ü: büs), budget /by.dʒɛ/, culture /kyl.tyʁ/, public /py.blik/. Round your lips as for German ü.

4. Silent letters you'd pronounce in English

Word French Trap
automne /o.tɔn/ the m is silent
août /u/ or /ut/ one syllable, a silent
fils (son) /fis/ l silent, s pronounced
tabac /ta.ba/ final c silent
estomac /ɛs.tɔ.ma/ final c silent
monsieur /mə.sjø/ nothing like mon-sieur
femme /fam/ e sounds like a
second /sə.ɡɔ̃/ c sounds like g

5. -ch- in Greek words is /k/

orchestre /ɔʁ.kɛstʁ/, chaos /ka.o/, psychologie /psi.kɔ.lɔ.ʒi/, technique /tɛk.nik/. But chef /ʃɛf/, architecte /aʁ.ʃi.tɛkt/ (with sh). Note also parfum /paʁ.fœ̃/ and album /al.bɔm/: -um is nasal in the first, not in the second.

Test yourself aloud: Le pilote du bus a un budget idéal en automne. /lə pi.lɔt dy bys a œ̃ by.dʒɛ i.de.al ɑ̃.n‿o.tɔn/

Grammar

Faux amis: the dangerous ones

French shares tens of thousands of words with English and German. About 95 % really are friends. The rest are faux amis: same look, different meaning. Some are harmless, some will make people laugh at you, and a few will get you into real trouble.

Traps for English speakers (German often saves you)

French Means Not this For that say
actuellement currently actually en fait
éventuellement possibly eventually finalement
sensible sensitive sensible raisonnable
librairie bookshop library bibliothèque
assister à to attend to assist aider
attendre to wait to attend assister à
rester to stay to rest se reposer
blesser to injure, to hurt to bless bénir
prétendre to claim to pretend faire semblant
la location renting, rental location l'emplacement
le délai deadline, lead time delay le retard
la monnaie change (coins), currency money l'argent
la déception disappointment deception la tromperie
résumer to sum up to resume reprendre
assumer to take responsibility for to assume supposer
large wide large grand
le chef boss, head (only) a cook le cuisinier

Good news for you: actuel = aktuell, éventuel = eventuell, sensible = sensibel. Your German instinct is right on all three, so trust German over English here.

  • Actuellement, je travaille à Lyon. Currently I work in Lyon. (Aktuell arbeite ich in Lyon.)
  • En fait, je préfère le train. Actually, I prefer the train.
  • Il est très sensible, ne le critique pas trop. He's very sensitive, don't criticise him too much.
  • J'ai assisté à la réunion. I attended the meeting.
  • Il prétend qu'il parle cinq langues. He claims he speaks five languages.

Traps for German speakers

French Means Not this (German) For that say
le gymnase sports hall Gymnasium le lycée
le local premises, room Lokal (pub) le bar, le café
la marmelade stewed fruit Marmelade (jam) la confiture
la rente private income, annuity Rente (pension) la retraite
le concours competitive exam, contest Konkurs (bankruptcy) la faillite
décent decent, proper dezent (discreet) discret
blâmer to blame sich blamieren se ridiculiser
le régal a treat, delight Regal (shelf) l'étagère

One true friend worth knowing: la caution = die Kaution (deposit), not English caution (= la prudence).

The embarrassing ones

  • Je suis plein(e) sounds like I'm drunk or, of an animal, pregnant. Say J'ai assez mangé or Je n'ai plus faim.
  • Je suis chaud(e) = I'm keen / (in some contexts) I'm horny. Feeling warm is J'ai chaud.
  • Je suis excité(e) often has a sexual meaning. I'm excited = J'ai hâte ! or Je suis impatient(e) !
  • un préservatif = a condom. Preservatives in food = des conservateurs.
  • baiser as a verb is vulgar today. To kiss = embrasser; a kiss is still un baiser or un bisou.
Cognate pattern

False friends list (≠)

The rule here is an anti-rule: when a word looks too easy and the sentence suddenly makes no sense, suspect a faux ami. The ones below appear constantly in news, business and travel.

French English (real meaning) German
actuel ≠ actual current, present aktuell
éventuel ≠ eventual possible, potential eventuell
sensible ≠ sensible sensitive sensibel, empfindlich
la librairie ≠ library bookshop die Buchhandlung
assister à ≠ assist to attend, to witness teilnehmen, beiwohnen
la location ≠ location rental, renting die Miete, Vermietung
le coin ≠ coin corner die Ecke
le raisin ≠ raisin grape(s) die Weintraube
prétendre ≠ pretend to claim behaupten
l'addition (f) bill (restaurant) die Rechnung
la monnaie change, currency das Kleingeld, die Währung
le délai deadline, lead time die Frist
la prime bonus, premium die Prämie, der Bonus
le collège secondary school (11–15) die Mittelstufe
l'issue (f) exit, outcome der Ausgang
l'éditeur (m) publisher der Verlag
susceptible touchy; likely to empfindlich; geeignet
la manifestation protest, demo; event die Demo; Veranstaltung
reporter to postpone verschieben
effectivement indeed, that's right tatsächlich

More traps

  • raisin sec = raisin (Rosine); un coin for money is une pièce.
  • effectivement usually means indeed / that's right in conversation (C'est cher ! Effectivement.), not effectively (= efficacement).
  • conséquent means substantial in everyday French: une somme conséquente = a hefty sum.
  • le bénéfice = profit in business (Gewinn), not primarily benefit (= l'avantage).
  • la commande = an order (Bestellung), not a command (= un ordre).